Tax & Trade Blog

In Part 1 of this Series, we explored CRA’s recent increased taxation and audit activity in Canada’s Vaping Industry.  In Part 2 of this Series we explored Health Canada’s imminent ban on flavoured vaping products.  These three initiatives have created an unhappy trifecta that may signal major business difficulties for many vaping manufacturers, importers and retailers in 2025, and in our final Report, we raise concerns about the Government’s policy choices.

The Hazy Logic of Canada’s Regulatory Policy

One the one hand, Health Canada’s expected ban on flavoured vapes is focused on protecting vulnerable citizens (youth) and is laudable.  Similarly, CRA’s continued levels of high taxation in this industry help support Canada’s massive spending levels, helping reduce the significant debt we are already leaving to future generations.  At this level these policies seem to make sense.  On another level they also look rather suspect.

Canada’s federal and provincial taxes of “vaping products” is really a vaping duty imposed under the Excise Act, 2001(the “Vaping Duty” and “EA 2001”), and the CRA is in charge of administering that excise duty – Including related audit activities.

CRA appears to be ramping up its audit activity in this area, now issuing proposed and final assessments under the taxing provisions in EA 2001 sections 158.57, 158.58 and 158.61.

"Reverse and rebill" situations are very common in the Oil, Gas and Petrochem industry, especially in situations where goods are delivered in one reporting period but invoiced (or reversed and rebilled) in another reporting period because of formula-based pricing. There are a number of other situations where it is also necessary to "true-up" commercial invoice previously issued, and the GST/HST reporting and remittance requirements in these situations are counterintuitive.

Unwary businesses often face subsequent CRA assessments for taxes not collected, with the CRA taking the position that taxes were required to be collected on the issuance of both invoices unless proper credit note steps are taken.

With the new Canadian fuel charge provided for in the Greenhouse Gas Pollution Pricing Act (the “GGPPA”), many Canadian and non-resident oil and gas companies doing business in Canada with fossil fuel products have now successfully registered. 

Now comes the unexpectedly difficult part: monthly reporting.

General Reporting Requirement

In general, the GGPPA imposes timely reporting requirements including monthly returns for most businesses that are not “road carriers”.  Most returns are due the last day of the calendar month (1) following a registrant’s reporting period OR (2) following the reporting period in which a charge became payable for non-registrants.

As a firm specializing in International Trade and related regulatory issues, we have noticed a marked increase in recent inquiries regarding the new regulatory requirements for Nicotine Pouches.  This uptick coincides with Health Canada’s recent announcement effectively restricting the sale of Nicotine Replacement Therapies (“NRTs”), including Nicotine Pouches, to pharmacies – and the need to understand how comprehensive these apply to current business, and what options there are for moving forward.

As we wrote in a previous blog post, the federal government amended subsections 256.2(3.1) and (3.2) of the Excise Tax Act (the “ETA”) to introduce an enhanced GST/HST residential rental property rebate applicable to new purpose-built rentals (the “Enhanced Rebate”), which took effect on September 14, 2023.

On July 17, 2024, the Real Property (GST/HST) Regulations (the “Regulations”) were published in the Canada Gazette, providing guidance on the implementation of the Enhanced Rebate, including the prescribed conditions and definitions of eligible properties.

The United States, Mexico and Canada have enjoyed near-complete free trade since the inception of the North American Free Trade Agreement (“NAFTA”) in 1994.  In fact, Canada and the US have enjoyed “free trade” even longer than that, since the inception of the first Canada-US Free Trade Agreement in 1989.  Unfortunately, free trade amongst the “three amigos” is not guaranteed!

In this blog we explore the mandatory Review and Term Extension Rules in the US-Mexico-Canada Agreement (“USMCA” – also known in Canada as the “CUSMA”), and what it is going to take in order to keep our vibrant North American trade relationship going!